Oil Extraction Is the process of removing crude oil from underground reservoirs so it can be refined and used. It involves several steps, technologies, and equipment, typically grouped into two main phases: primary extraction and secondary/tertiary recovery. 1. Exploration and Drilling Before oil can be extracted, companies must find it: Seismic surveys (as discussed earlier) help locate potential reservoirs. Once identified, a well is drilled using rigs to reach the oil-bearing rock. If oil is

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Onshore Oil Production: From Exploration to Extraction Onshore oil production begins with exploration and surveying, where geologists and geophysicists use seismic surveys, satellite imaging, and exploratory drilling to identify underground oil reservoirs. Once a promising site is confirmed, the drilling process begins using a drilling rig to bore deep into the earth, often reaching thousands of meters. A specialized drilling fluid (mud) helps cool the drill bit, carry rock cuttings to the surfa