Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) comprise 12 protein components, VirB1–VirB11 and VirD4. VirB2 forms a pilus and is co-purified with VirB5. VirB4, VirB11 and VirD4 are ATPases powering pilus assembly ...

The tetracycline repressor (TetR) regulates the most abundant resistance mechanism against the antibiotic tetracycline in gram-negative bacteria. The TetR protein and its mutants are commonly used as ...

Andrew Beattie was part of the original editorial team at Investopedia and has spent twenty years writing on a diverse range of financial topics including business, investing, personal finance, and ...

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Blood cancers affect blood cells and bone marrow — the spongy tissue inside your bones where blood cells are made. These cancers change the way blood cells behave and how well they work. You have ...

Capitalism is often thought of as an economic system in which private actors own and control property in accord with their interests, and demand and supply freely set prices in markets in a way that ...

Will Kenton is an expert on the economy and investing laws and regulations. He previously held senior editorial roles at Investopedia and Kapitall Wire and holds a MA in Economics from The New School ...