Optical sensors are successfully used for measurement in many areas, such as the position sensing of moving objects or the measurement of distance. The types of sensor elements used in these ...

Calibration is a crucial step in the manufacturing process of many sensors (or transmitters) such as pressure, temperature and position sensors. One key component needed for calibration is the ...

For many centuries, the principle of triangulation - that is the geometric measurement using three-point relationships - has been relatively well known. In Europe, the land survey method established ...