Civilian engineering is entering a new era where autonomy, precision, and human safety are becoming core project requirements—not optional upgrades.

Currently, dramatically increasing design costs are being reported for safety-critical applications. This is caused by additional necessary actions to implement and verify functional safety ...

The first article in this two-part series (OGJ, May 6, 2013, p. 94) presented four process safety examples of possible inadequate overpressure protection design in amine natural gas sweetening, glycol ...