“A different language is a different vision of life.” Federico Fellini, Italian film director. This quote succinctly expresses why everyone should learn another language. When you learn another ...

This chapter provides a broad overview of the findings from research on bilingualism and second-language learning, including types of bilingualism, linguistic aspects of second-language acquisition, ...

But an in-depth look at the science behind how language is developed reveals an interesting parallel between the science of reading and second language learning. In fact, the science of reading can ...

Parents often hear the warning: “If your child doesn’t learn a second language early, they’ll never be fluent.” Adults, meanwhile, are told: “It’s just too late for you to learn now.” These claims are ...

For years, linguists have discussed the importance of developing all aspects of literacy when learning a second language. Teachers of ESL have studied the importance of integrating all literacy skills ...

Second language acquisition (SLA) and processing constitute a vibrant area of research that spans cognitive psychology, linguistics, and educational sciences. Researchers in this field investigate how ...

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) defines dyslexia as a brain-based type of learning disability that specifically impairs a person's ability to read (see here). The ...

The focus of this section is on strategies to support resettled refugees’ acquisition of the language of the receiving community (often referred to as the target language). Some of the principles and ...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the way people learn, work, and communicate across borders. Among the many sectors influenced by AI, language learning stands out as one of the most ...