The behavior of analog circuits can often be characterized by sweeping their inputs with a signal going across a range of frequencies and then observing the output. These sweeps can be composed of ...

Oscilloscopes are time-domain instruments, but because they digitize waveforms, oscilloscopes can process time-domain signals into the frequency domain. The FFT (Fast Fourier Transform), spectrum ...

We took a look at op amp integrators in the previous article, Op amps do integration, so it makes sense to round out the picture by covering differentiator circuits. Of course, differentiation is the ...

Frequency response may well be one of the most misunderstood and frequently abused speaker specifications that any consumer has to deal with. An Axiom customer emailed me with the following query: ...