Absolute value equations (AVEs), characterised by the inclusion of absolute value functions in the variables, present inherently non‐smooth and computationally challenging problems that are often ...
Difference equations, as discrete analogues of differential equations, form a fundamental mathematical framework for describing systems that evolve incrementally over time or space. Coupled with ...
An equation is a statement with an equals sign, stating that two expressions are equal in value, for example \(3x + 5 = 11\) Solving an equation means finding the value or values for which the two ...
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